A constellation of cubesats fitted with special detectors could sniff out nuclear weapons hidden on satellites launched by adversary nations, a new study suggests.
The proposed 'detector satellites' would be shoebox-sized and equipped with sensors capable of identifying the unique radiation signatures of nuclear warheads. These detectors could differentiate between benign materials and weapons-grade nuclear material, according to the study.
Each cubesat in the constellation would operate in low Earth orbit, scanning nearby spacecraft for telltale gamma rays and neutrons emitted by nuclear devices. The study outlines a multi-satellite network to ensure comprehensive coverage and rapid detection.
If deployed, this system could serve as a space-based verification mechanism for arms control treaties, potentially deterring nations from weaponizing orbit. The concept mirrors existing terrestrial detection networks but adapted for the unique challenges of the space environment.
However, the study acknowledges significant hurdles. Distinguishing between legitimate nuclear power sources used on spacecraft and actual weapons requires highly precise calibration, and the constellation would need to avoid false positives that could trigger diplomatic incidents.