Private defense contractor TacAir is operating heavily upgraded F-5AT fighter aircraft to provide adversary training services for U.S. Navy fighter pilots. The company's modified F-5 aircraft are designed to replicate enemy aircraft capabilities in training scenarios, helping maintain pilot readiness and combat skills.

The use of private contractors for adversary training represents a shift in military training doctrine, allowing the Navy to maintain high-tempo training operations while preserving operational aircraft for actual missions. This approach enables more frequent and diverse training scenarios that keep U.S. fighter crews prepared for potential threats.